Friday, 05 August 2011
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see relatedLiberal Atheists vs. Conservative Christians
The liberalism of atheists in America stands in stark contrast to the conservatism of Christians, and of evangelical Christians in particular. Thus the conflicts between atheists and evangelical Christians involve not just the existence of gods and reasonableness of various religious beliefs, but also a host of political and social issues.
In another time and place the two groups might be on opposite sides or even united, but not in contemporary America. This can tell us a lot about the political and social relationships between various religious groups in America.
In a 2002 Barna survey asked Americans how they describe themselves, including the following description:
Mostly Conservative on Social and Political Issues
- Evangelicals: 64%
- Non-Evangelical, Born Again: 34%
- Notional Christians: 25%
- Non-Christian Faith: 16%
- Atheist/Agnostic: 4%
These numbers (+/- 3% margin of error) make it clear that evangelical Christianity is the primary driving force for social conservatism in America. Evangelical Christianity is the primary reason why there are any debates over gay marriage, abortion rights, contraception, divorce, sex education, etc.
Atheists, in contrast, may have conservative beliefs in other areas like economics, but conservative beliefs are practically non-existent when it comes to social issues. Even if atheists, agnostics, and various nonbelievers disagree in the details (i.e., when sex education should begin) almost all share strong liberal conclusions (i.e., there should be comprehensive sex education in public schools).
Secular Atheists vs. Religious Theists?
But the conflict isn't between secular atheism and religious theism. You can see that while the percentage of non-Christians believers who consider themselves "mostly conservative on social and political issues" is far higher than atheists and agnostics, it's also far lower than even "notional" Christians, never mind evangelical Christians.
So what's going on? I think it has a lot to do with the degree to which evangelical Christianity has become identified with political and social conservatism — and the way in which white evangelical Christians have sought to use their privileged status in America to make life harder for everyone else.
Conservatism for Christians Only?
If the primary face of political and social conservatism is that of people who want you to be relegated to a second-class status in politics, culture, and society because of your religion, then it's going to be tough to muster much support for their political and social conservatism. Who knows how many non-Christians and even "notional" Christians might otherwise be inclined towards conservatism but have been driven away and made more liberal by the social, cultural, and political bullying by evangelical Christians?
For conservative evangelical Christians, conservatism is as much an evangelical and a Christian position as it is a purely political position. When conservatism becomes religious and even sectarian like that, not much room is left for non-Christian conservatives and those non-Christians who reach out to conservative circles may not feel very welcome. It's certainly difficult for open atheists to feel very welcome in a political movement and political party which so often promote policies that would drive America towards theocracy.
Why Aren't More Atheists Conservative?
What do you think about this? What do you think the reasons are for why conservatism is relatively rare not only among atheists and agnostics, but also among religious theists who aren't Christians? Why do you think conservatism would be so much more popular among Christians than other groups and evangelical Christians in particular? Is there any reason to think that atheists and other groups might grow more conservative over time?
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Comments (25)
Christianity in America being associated with a single political consensus is bad news ... unless we want as many political divisions in our country as there are religions. The circus in Congress lately is due to dogmatic thinking and doctrinal pledges (similar to those a person has to take to gain entrance into an evangelical "university") taken by Republicans who promise not to raise taxes, only to shrink government.
Secular Atheist. I can't explain why, I just am.
I really don't think this is an identification that people should make. Christians in our country are deathly afraid of fraternizing with the enemy and they're told by a clergy that is mostly coming from an upper middle class background due to the higher tuition at religious schools (and therefore Republican) that voting for Democrats is basically killing babies. I think what you're doing is mostly just remarking on a trend ... but I don't think it's a trend we ought to encourage in any way.
Another thing is the identification of liberal vs. conservative. The political spectrum is really more 2-D than that, including issues of lifestyle freedoms and economic freedoms. Google "the political compass".
I think the number of Conservative Agnostics and Atheist might be higher than you think. I could be wrong but.....
If you think about it, Conservatism for all its asserted Superior Morality...the calls for Prayer in Schools, The Plastering of Christian symbols all over goverment buildings, the crusade against abortion, Same Sex Marriage, sex education etc......is at its very heart, not very Jesus like at all.
Selfishness (or Fuck thy neighbor as I like to call it) is at the very heart of their political philosophy.
Conservatism back in the Goldwaters days reflected this and it really wasn't until Reagan when the decision was made to join forces with the Fallwells and the Moral Majority as a political strategy did you see this shift and explotation of religiosity.
It was a pretty good strategy and trade off from the Conservatives point of view. They gained the support of a large block of people who took thier support to almost religious levels. Either vote Republican or go to hell? That is pretty strong support. It became intertwined with their very religion itself. This is alot to receive and the many people treat their leader like religious people themselves.
For the Conservative they had to give back little $$$$ wise. Being anti-abortion, anti-gay marriage, letting a cross go up here or there costs little to nothing. Conservatives are quite pragmatic in this way. The $$$ they were able to make with the support of the Evagelicals especially the last 10 years has been immense.
If you ask me, the evangelicals are the ones who gave up the most. Jesus is now someone who wants the poor, sick and old to be spat on and called looters and theives in his name no less??
Just because you are Christian doesn't mean you love thy neighbor. There are many atheists who defintely don't and would gladly pretend if they are paid enough in return.
Christianity is a pseudo-totalitarian faith in that they want everyone to be like them. They're mostly conservative because they're following a 1000+ year old dogma. New ideas might be the Devil's work.
Ah, I'm bored today, why not (puts on troll hat). Sinful though I may be, I feel like tossing a few stones.
1. "Even if atheists, agnostics, and various nonbelievers disagree in the
details (i.e., when sex education should begin) almost all share strong
liberal conclusions (i.e., there should be comprehensive sex education
in public schools)." --This group is defined as not being conservative. They are not defined as having a united set of opinions, and I'm amused that you ascribe to them a nearly (licks lips) religious unity in thought and action. Ahem.
2. Ascribing bullying, group-think characteristics to a majority merely for being a majority leads one to certain conclusions that if, instead, atheists were in charge, little would change. Think about it.
Also, many of the differences between Christians and atheists in beliefs are more easily defined as a difference between collectivist and individualist world views, rather than conservative and liberal. The atheist, already an individualist who has decided to part with the usual way of thinking when it comes to religion, is more likely to support individual rights in sexuality, for example.
@tendollar4ways - Appreciate the comment about Goldwater and Reagan. Many of these "culture wars" developments are relatively recent. I personally would perhaps point at Nixon rather than Reagan as the turning point, but either can be supported.
I think that the intertwining of Christianity and conservative politics may very well be one of its downfalls. I have personally attended two churches (of different denominations) that said quite explicitly that you could not be liberal and still be a Christian. Where does this leave Christians who subscribe to liberal politics to go? There are some more liberal churches, but if they do not hold the same theological stances that the person holds, he or she may end up leaving the church altogether. I also think that far too many churches conflate their political beliefs with their theological beliefs, and it is far too often that this results in their theology being shaped by their politics.
That being said, I do know quite a few atheists and agnostics who identify as conservative, although their beliefs tend to be more libertarian in nature.
@GreekPhysique - Yea you could be right, I am really going off of what I remember. I was a baby Nixons day. "Culture Wars" are very well ochestrated conservative tactics and are highly successful. It puts the Christian in the position of supporting the Righteous Conservative (and all the fucking of thy neighbor that is cleverly obscured and the attention is distracted away from that comes with it) or the Evil Godless Liberal. Divide and conquer. Machiavellian for sure, I don't think it is very Jesus like from what I can tell.
@Crono09 - I think you hit the nail on the head as to why Atheists and agnostics are the "religious group" that has seen the largest growth in recent years.
I think the main reason is that conservative social positions (I.E. no abortion, gay marriage, etc.) nearly always have their basis in religious beliefs, with a few pseudo scientific "studies" thrown in for good measure.
I'm pretty well in a league of my own on the political spectrum. I try my hardest to stay out of government. Just about in every aspect, I'm conservative... but for very different reasons than most conservatives, in very different ways. I am pro-life... But I believe a woman should have the right to choose whether or not she wants to have an abortion... A conservative view on economics seems to make the most sense to me... I believe that a religious marriage should be between the church and whoever is getting married. But I stand in full support of civil unions.
I don't like it when government steps in to do the things that we as human beings are supposed to be doing anyway- like giving to the poor... but... it needs to be done, and I'm glad there are some people in our government who are willing to do it.
As @tendollar4ways - says
"Selfishness (or Fuck thy neighbor as I like to call it) is at the very heart of their political philosophy."
This is exactly how I've come to see conservatism (at least social conservatism.) Conservatism is rooted in mankind's fear of, and concordant hatred for, the unknown. Conservatism is the knee-jerk reaction to seeing something you don't understand and trying to destroy it. It is ignorance and intolerance. It is the tyranny of the majority and in a nation where the uneducated white Christian constitutes the majority Christianity and conservatism go hand-in-hand. Conservatism means to think small, to think selfishly, to think ignorantly. It seeks to preserve the status quo, rejects progressive thinking and assumes the worst about anything different. Religiosity generally encourages the same things. Even when a specific religion starts out with what could be construed as 'liberal' ideas over time the doctrines themselves become the driving force rather than the message behind them and so conservatism is born. Hell, every last conservative today is actually touting the ideas of liberals past. The difference is that whilst liberals acknowledge the importance of the mind set behind each philosophy and continue to adapt their thinking and ideals based on new information (much akin to the scientific process) conservatives are interested only in the doctrines and how they stand to gain from them personally, selfishly clinging to that which they are familiar and comfortable with, never troubling themselves to consider what life would be like were they born other than what they are (much like the religious mindset.) . Like tendollar said, "selfishness." It all boils down to selfishness.
It's easy to forget that 'conservatism' is not a set of universal values but rather an attitude adopted towards the traditional values of one's cultural parent. A Russian who grew up with communism and seeks to maintain that way of life even when change is in the air could be described as "conservative" despite the two being mutually exclusive in the eyes of many Americans. For this reason conservatism is highly divisive, even amongst conservatives. Two people both identifying as conservative meet but, should they come from divergent cultural backgrounds, they are at each others throats (Christianity VS Islam, for example.)
Conservatism is polarising and discriminatory, taking pride in its devolved approach to life. It is the reactionary cry of those who would sooner screw another over to suit their own ends. In Plato's Cave it is those that beat the man who turns away from the wall to death. It is mankind's most ugly traits given political form.
There are some people who just can't live and let live. No. They feel the need to tell others how to live not based on common sense and simple harmony, but rather on their religious ethics, finding it inconceiveable that anyone could possibly disagree with them. Religious conservatives are, in short, busy bodies who feel insecure unless everyone agrees to believe the way they do and joins their club. Non-religionists do not, in general, feel that kind of need and I doubt they ever will.
If a person wants to believe in a Devine reality vs the person that chooses the free will to not believe that there is a Devine Reality, then so be it. This is an issue that will never cease. Reason being is because most people do not believe that God created the world or mankind. There is the Big Bang Theory, then there are all these other theories about religion and evolution, and the religous context of social conformity and all other issues that encompass the ethical issues of what is right or wrong. First off, some people do not think that a God exists, which mostly is because they feel betrayed or because there is no real logical proof or evidence that God exits. Then they feel that some issues should not be resolved by religion, or they have strong beleifs that their way is right. My backup is just because we can't see an emotion like love does it not exist, or hate can we not see the hatred actes and events. And now this drama, forget it I am considereding a conversion to a religion that is emphasised on personal experience and logic because the contreversy about ethical delimmas of right and wrong will always be, can't everyone just learn to get along and accept the diversity in each of us?
I'm a Christian and on the political compass I fall almost dead center, with leanings toward libertarian and conservative (1.00 and -0.87). Most people I know personally are not extremists in one direction or the other, so I'm not sure if I think the study is quite accurate.
I think more and more people may come around to being fiscally conservative as things worsen with the economy. But I could be hoping in vain.
"Why Aren't More Atheists Conservative?"
I think it's like you said: they may be turned away from conservatism because of "bullying" by politically-invested Christians. I can't think of any ideological reasons why atheists should naturally be opposed to, say, capitalism or naturally support gay marriage (there are some homophobic atheists, no doubt). A disbelief in God does not tie into these things. The only thing I can see atheists by default supporting is the establishment clause of the first amendment.
Christians, and many other religions, on the other hand have ideological reasons for supporting certain stances (e.g. no climate change, no gay marriage), even if they're misappropriating their religious texts in doing so (in fact the irony is that Christianity at its core is economically socialist, though not through force by the government).
Libertarian Christian...
"Why aren't more atheists conservative?"
Probably 90-100% of this is a result of the media being so 'black and white'. Its the same reason more Chrstians are not liberal. It is the same reason why you are using the words liberal and conservative. The reality is that either party are the two sides of the same coin. They both look to government to solve perceived problems by force. Probably the most significant differences lie in what they think the problems are. ( Apparently it is impossible to solve the problems of homelessnes or prostitution without the use of violence. )
To often we align ourselves with a group of thought rather than freely thinking for ourselves. Theists and atheists alike.
I used to consider myself pagan. I am in no way conservative, but think that there is a reason for what you speak of. Christians think that anyone who doesn't believe in their God is going to hell and evil. Would you want to associate with those who think that you are going to hell because you believe something else?
"Non-Evangelical, Born Again: 34%" That doesn't even make sense. I'm not sure what that's supposed to mean, unless it means you're Christian but you don't talk about it? In that case, you're probably not a Christian (at least according to Jesus).
There is this idea in America but especially in Evangelical circles that one should be dependent on no one (I think that phrase pops up in a Pauline epistle of New Testament at least once). They get to choose what falls in this criteria so for example a soldier and an individual with a disability might both be receiving health insurance from the government but only the latter is scorned.
Of course Jesus did have a lot of things to say about looking after the sick and needy but evangelicalism leans more heavily on the Pauline epistles for its core beliefs.
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